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''Israeli settler violence refers to acts of violence committed by Jewish Israeli settlers and their supporters against Palestinians and Israeli security forces, predominantly in the West Bank. Although the majority of settlers do not engage in violence, there has been a rise in violent acts by extremists against Palestinians, non-Jews, Israel Police and IDF troops in the early twenty-first century.〔Anshel Pfeffer,(Top IDF officer warns: Settlers' radical fringe growing ), Haaretz 20 October 2009.〕 In 2007 Israeli prosecutors determined that of 515 criminal suits relating to violent activity committed by Israeli settlers against Palestinians and Israeli security forces, 502 were related to right wing Jewish settlers in the Occupied Territories.〔Constance B. Hilliard,''Does Israel have a future?: the case for a post-Zionist state ,'' Potomac Books, Inc., 2009 p.59.〕 In 2008, the senior Israeli commander in the West Bank said that a hard core of a few hundred activists were involved in violence against the Palestinians and Israeli soldiers.〔 Some prominent Jewish religious figures living in the occupied territories, as well as Israeli government officials, have condemned and expressed outrage over such behavior, while religious justifications for settler killings have also been given.〔Amitai Etzioni, (''Security First: For a Muscular, Moral Foreign Policy,'' ) Yale University Press, 2008 p.119.:'Others have justified violence against Arabs by citing the rule from the Talmud:"If a man comes to kill you, rise early and kill him first."〕 While Israeli media claims the defense establishment began taking a harder line against unruly settlers starting in 2008, 〔 an EU heads of mission report found that settler violence had more than tripled in the three years up to 2011. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) figures state that the annual rate of settler attacks (2,100 attacks in 8 years) has almost quadrupled between 2006 and 2014.〔Chaim Levinson, Gili Cohen and Jack Khoury , ('Palestinian mosque set on fire in suspected hate crime,' ) at Haaretz, 15 January 2014.'The annual totals are up from 115 in 2006 to 399 in 2013..'〕 Palestinian police are forbidden from reacting to acts of violence by Israeli settlers, a fact which diminishes their credibility among Palestinians.〔Daniel Byman, (''A High Price: The Triumphs and Failures of Israeli Counterterrorism,'' ) Oxford University Press/Saban Center, Brookings Institution,2011 p.292:‘Palestinian police are barred from responding to settler violence. This policy reduces friction between settlers and Palestinian authorities, but it decreases the overall credibility of the PA, which cannot defend its people from settler harassment and violence.’〕 UN figures from 2011 showed that 90% of complaints filed against settlers by Palestinians with the Israeli police never led to indictment. ==Israel's settlement policy== Israel has justified its civilian settlements by stating the territories in question are not occupied but disputed〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2014/07/israeli_settlements_are_not_illegal.html )〕 and that a temporary use of land and buildings for various purposes appears permissible under a plea of military necessity and that the settlements fulfilled security needs.〔See for example Kretzmer, David "The occupation of justice: the Supreme Court of Israel and the Occupied Territories, SUNY Press, 2002, ISBN 0-7914-5337-5, ISBN 978-0-7914-5337-7, page 83〕 The United Nations affirmed the principle of international law that the continuation of colonialism in all its forms and manifestations is a crime and that colonial peoples have the inherent right to struggle by all necessary means at their disposal against colonial Powers and alien domination in exercise of their right of self-determination.〔See General Assembly Resolution 3103, 12 December 1973, "Basic Principles Of The Legal Status Of The Combatants Struggling Against Colonial And Alien Domination And Racist Regimes" and United Nations General Assembly Resolution 39/17, 23 November 1984, "Universal realization of the rights to self-determination"〕 National liberation struggles are categorized as international armed conflicts by Article 1(4) of the Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 to which the majority of states (including the Western states) are parties.〔See Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977 ()〕〔Hillier, Tim "Sourcebook on public international law", Routledge, 1998, ISBN 1-85941-050-2, ISBN 978-1-85941-050-9, page 627-628〕 The International Court of Justice concluded that Israel had breached its obligations under international law by establishing settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and that Israel cannot rely on a right of self-defence or on a state of necessity in order to preclude the wrongfulness of imposing a régime, which is contrary to international law. The Court also concluded that the Israeli régime violates the basic human rights of the Palestinians by impeding the liberty of movement of the inhabitants of the Occupied Palestinian Territory (with the exception of Israeli citizens) and their exercise of the right to work, to health, to education and to an adequate standard of living.〔See the Judgment in "Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory", para 120, 134, and 142 () and PAUL J. I. M. DE WAART (2005) International Court of Justice Firmly Walled in the Law of Power in the Israeli–Palestinian Peace Process. Leiden Journal of International Law, 18, pp 467-487, 〕 In Hebron, where 500-600 settlers live among 167,000 Palestinians, B'Tselem argues that there have been "grave violations" of Palestinian human rights because of the "presence of the settlers within the city." The organization cites regular incidents of "almost daily physical violence and property damage by settlers in the city", curfews and restrictions of movement that are "among the harshest in the Occupied Territories", and violence and by Israeli border policemen and the IDF against Palestinians who live in the city's H2 sector. Human Rights Watch reports on physical violence against Palestinians by settlers, including, "frequent() stoning and shooting at Palestinian cars. In many cases, settlers abuse Palestinians in front of Israeli soldiers or police with little interference from the authorities." B'Tselem also says that settler actions include "blocking roadways, so as to impede Palestinian life and commerce. The settlers also shoot solar panels on roofs of buildings, torch automobiles, shatter windowpanes and windshields, destroy crops, uproot trees, abuse merchants and owners of stalls in the market. Some of these actions are intended to force Palestinians to leave their homes and farmland, and thereby enable the settlers to gain control of them."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Nature of Settler Violence )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Israeli settler violence」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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